Epilepsy is a problem in the brain that causes reoccurring seizures that happen without warning. A seizure is like an “electrical storm” in the brain. During a seizure, the normal pattern of activity in the brain is temporarily disturbed and brain cells begin to fire abnormally. Having a single seizure does not mean that a person has epilepsy. Lots of people have a seizure and do not go on to develop epilepsy. Many people with epilepsy manage the disorder well through medication, diet, or medical treatments, but complications with epilepsy can lead to serious health concerns or death. A seizure is a surge of electrical activity in the brain that causes a person to function abnormally. During a seizure, electrical impulses in the brain become overactive and occur at the same time, which leads to irregular brain activity. This can cause changes in behavior and body functioning. Any factor that disrupts normal brain function can lead to a seizure, but a person is not considered to have epilepsy until they’ve experienced two or more seizures. Epilepsy is different for everyone. Some people have seizures that are easily controlled, and their epilepsy doesn’t have much control over their lives. For about 60 percent of those diagnosed, seizures can be controlled with medications and surgical procedures. Some drugs are more effective for specific types of seizures. In some patients, special diets may help to control seizures when medications are either not effective or cause serious side effects. Some antiepileptic drugs are linked to birth defect risks in pregnant women, so women of reproductive age should discuss their options with their neurologists before conceiving.
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